Common Shale Conebush
Grofblaartolbos 
Leucadendron lanigerum lanigerum Buek. ex Meisn.

Other Common Names: Rough-leaf Conebush, Rooikoptolbos
Other Scientific Names: None.

700 Records

Population: Out of 695 records, 56.5% were Frequent, 23.6% were Common, 19.7% were Present, 0.1% were Abundant.
Dispersion: Out of 653 records, 78.3% were Variable, 20.7% were clumped, 0.6% were Widespread, 0.5% were Even.
Flowering: Buds: from May with July peak, Flowering: July-(September)-October, Peak Flowering: August-September, Over: till November with October peak, Cones: retained.
Growth: Rare: September-(November)-June, 
Much: November-(March)-June.
Seedlings: Seedlings were absent in 263 records.
Picking: There were no signs of picking in 555 records.
Fire survival: Out of 45 records, 97.8 survived fires from underground boles and 2.2 escaped fires.
Height: Out of 697 records, 82.1% of plants were 200mm - 1m tall, 17.2% were 1 - 2m tall and 0.6% were shorter than 200mm.

Pollinators:  Out of 17 records, 82.4% were Beetles, 11.8% were Flies and 5.9% were Bees.  
Detailed pollinators: (7 records) Monkey Beetles 6; Long Horn Beetles 1.

Habitat:
Distance to sea: Out of 681 records, 99.4% were more than 2km from the sea.
Altitude: 0-800m, 87.5% of records in 50-600m, 54.7% of records in 50-150m.
Landform: Out of 682 records, 96.3 were Deep Soil, 2.8% were Shallow Soil, 0.4% were Swamp.
Slope: Out of 680 records, 44.3% were on Gentle Incline, 38.4% were Flat, 8.8% on Steep Incline, 4.1% on Hill Top, 3.5% on Valley Bottom and 0.9% on Dune.
Soil type: Out of 677 records, 41.7% were Sand, 38.1% were  Loam, 14.0% were clay, 5.8% were Gravel, 0.3% were Rock and 0.1% were Peat.
Soil Colour: Out of 675 records, 59.4% were Brown, 17.2% were Grey, 10.8% were Orange, 7.3% were White, 3.6% were Yellow, 1.6% were Red and 0.1% were Black.
Geology: Out of 645 records, 33.0% were Shale, 28.4% Granite, 21.1% Tertiary Sands, 11.2% Sandstone, 3.3% Conglomerate and 3.1% Hardpan.
Vegetation: Out of 680 records, 97.6% were Shrubland, 1.0% were Agricultural Lands, 0.4% were Grassland, 0.4% were Thicket and 0.4% were Plantation.

Conservation Status and Threat:
Nature Reserves: Out of 682 records, 29.6 were in nature reserves.
Habitat destruction: Out of 673 records, 68.4% were Extensive, 21.5% were Islands, 3.7% were Verges, 2.4% were Linear, 2.1% were Corridors, 1.6% were Fragmented, 0.3% were Under Powerline corridors.
Alien types: Out of 672 records the dominant aliens were, 53.9% Acacias, 29.5% Alien Free, 10.7%  Pines, 3.1%  Gums, 2.1%  Needlebushes, 0.4% Grasses, 0.3% Other.
Alien density: Out of 672 records, 39.9% were Scattered, 29.5% were alien free, 18.8% were Abundant, 9.8% were Dense and 2.1% were Impenetrable.

Atlassers Notes:  None

Identification and Taxonomy:  Although easily confused with Leucadendron salignum, there are no recorded taxonomical problems with this species.  Some populations of L. salignum have females without the typical bowl, and may be confused with this species.  More problematic, some forms of L. lanigerum have smooth leaves and these are impossible to tell from L. salignum even in the herbarium.  Some forms have only the slightest scabridity on the leaf margins.  A particularly difficult population of putatively L. lanigerum occurs on the Breede River banks east of Goudini.  This Hybrids between the two species would be impossible to identify.
Distribution:  This is a West Coast species, occuring from Strand to Moorreesberg, but extending into the Breede River Valley at Tulbagh.  The population from Piketberg may be a rough leaf form of L salignum - other populations of “smooth-leaf Shale Conebush” occur else-where on the mountain but have been atlassed as L. salignum.  New records from north of Moorreesberg and from Saron extend the known range to the north.  On the other hand it appears to be extinct on the Cape Peninsula.
Given this species’ liking for shale and granite soils, it is probably far more threatened by agriculture than its Red Data List status suggests. 

Mossel Bay Pincushion
Rooivlamspeldekussing
Leucospermum praecox Rourke

Other Common Names: Crimson-flame Pincushion, Large-tufted Pincushion, Still Bay Pincushion;	
Luisbos, Suikerbos
Other Scientific Names: None.

639 Records

Population: Out of 638 records, 52.0% were Common, 35.3% were Frequent, 9.1% were Present, 3.6% were Abundant.
Dispersion: Out of 601 records, 69.2% were Variable, 15.1% were Widespread, 14.1% were Clumped, 1.5% were Even.
Flowering: Buds: from March with June peak, Flowering: May-(October)-November, Peak Flowering: August-September, Over: till April with December peak, Cones: October-(February)-April.
Growth: Rare: (irregular and unusual), 
Much: August-(November-March)-April.
Seedlings: Out of 250 records, 4 records of seedlings were seen in August- December.
Picking: There were no signs of picking in 420 records.
Fire survival: Out of 8 records, 62.5 were killed by fires and 27.5 escaped fires.
Height: Out of 614 records, 68.4% of plants were 1 - 2m tall, 21.2% were 200mm - 1m tall, 9.4% were 2-3m tall, and 1.0% were shorter than 200mm.

Pollinators:  Out of 26 records, 84.6% were Birds, 7.7% were Bees, 3.8% were Bees and and 3.8% were Mammals.  
Detailed pollinators: (36 records) Orangebreasted Sunbirds 20, Cape Sugarbird 10, Monkey Beetles 6; Three-striped Field Mouse 1.

Habitat:
Distance to sea: Out of 630 records, 88.1% were more than 2km from the sea.
Altitude: 0-400m, 94.0% of records in 50-250m, 60.4% of records in 100-200m.
Landform: Out of 631 records, 94.0 were Deep Soil, 5.7% were Shallow Soil, 0.3% were Rocky.
Slope: Out of 680 records, 44.3% were on Gentle Incline, 38.4% were Flat, 8.8% on Steep Incline, 4.1% on Hill Top, 3.5% on Valley Bottom and 0.9% on Dune.
Soil type: Out of 677 records, 41.7% were Sand, 38.1% were  Loam, 14.0% were clay, 5.8% were Gravel, 0.3% were Rock and 0.1% were Peat.
Soil Colour: Out of 675 records, 59.4% were Brown, 17.2% were Grey, 10.8% were Orange, 7.3% were White, 3.6% were Yellow, 1.6% were Red and 0.1% were Black.
Geology: Out of 645 records, 33.0% were Shale, 28.4% Granite, 21.1% Tertiary Sands, 11.2% Sandstone, 3.3% Conglomerate and 3.1% Hardpan.
Vegetation: Out of 680 records, 97.6% were Shrubland, 1.0% were Agricultural Lands, 0.4% were Grassland, 0.4% were Thicket and 0.4% were Plantation.

Conservation Status and Threat:
Nature Reserves: Out of 682 records, 29.6 were in nature reserves.
Habitat destruction: Out of 673 records, 68.4% were Extensive, 21.5% were Islands, 3.7% were Verges, 2.4% were Linear, 2.1% were Corridors, 1.6% were Fragmented, 0.3% were Under Powerline corridors.
Alien types: Out of 672 records the dominant aliens were, 53.9% Acacias, 29.5% Alien Free, 10.7%  Pines, 3.1%  Gums, 2.1%  Needlebushes, 0.4% Grasses, 0.3% Other.
Alien density: Out of 672 records, 39.9% were Scattered, 29.5% were alien free, 18.8% were Abundant, 9.8% were Dense and 2.1% were Impenetrable.

Atlassers Notes:  None

Identification and Taxonomy:  Although easily confused with Leucadendron salignum, there are no recorded taxonomical problems with this species.  Some populations of L. salignum have females without the typical bowl, and may be confused with this species.  More problematic, some forms of L. lanigerum have smooth leaves and these are impossible to tell from L. salignum even in the herbarium.  Some forms have only the slightest scabridity on the leaf margins.  A particularly difficult population of putatively L. lanigerum occurs on the Breede River banks east of Goudini.  This Hybrids between the two species would be impossible to identify.
Distribution:  This is a West Coast species, occuring from Strand to Moorreesberg, but extending into the Breede River Valley at Tulbagh.  The population from Piketberg may be a rough leaf form of L salignum - other populations of “smooth-leaf Shale Conebush” occur else-where on the mountain but have been atlassed as L. salignum.  New records from north of Moorreesberg and from Saron extend the known range to the north.  On the other hand it appears to be extinct on the Cape Peninsula.
Given this species’ liking for shale and granite soils, it is probably far more threatened by agriculture than its Red Data List status suggests.